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Neighborhood First Policy: India's Relations with SAARC Nations

Introduction

A country can choose its friends but not its neighbours. India's policy focuses on peaceful co-existence and mutual development (SAGAR - Security and Growth for All in the Region). Based on the Gujral Doctrine (Non-reciprocity).

1. Key Neighbours

• Bangladesh: A "Model Relationship". Land Boundary Agreement solved border disputes. Connectivity projects (Maitri Setu).
• Nepal: Roti-Beti relationship. Issues over Kalapani map but strong people-to-people ties.
• Sri Lanka: India was the "First Responder" with $4 billion aid during their 2022 economic crisis.

2. Challenges

• China Factor: String of Pearls (Encirclement of India). China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
• Pakistan: Cross-border terrorism remains a hurdle. "Terror and Talks cannot go together."

Conclusion

India needs to be an "Elder Brother" (supportive) rather than a "Big Brother" (dominant) to win the trust of its neighbours.