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Ramsar Sites in India: Importance and Montreux Record

Introduction

Wetlands are transition zones between land and water. They are often called the "Kidneys of the Landscape" because they filter pollutants and recharge groundwater.

1. Ramsar Convention (1971)

Signed in Ramsar, Iran. It is an intergovernmental treaty for the conservation of wetlands. India has over 75 Ramsar sites (highest in South Asia).

2. Montreux Record

A register of wetland sites where changes in ecological character have occurred due to human interference. Currently, India has 2 sites:

• Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan): Invasive species, water shortage.
• Loktak Lake (Manipur): Famous for Phumdis (floating islands) and Sangai deer.
• Note: Chilika Lake was removed from the record due to successful restoration.

3. Importance of Wetlands

• Flood Control: Act as sponges.
• Carbon Sink: Peatlands store twice as much carbon as forests.
• Biodiversity: Home to migratory birds.

Conclusion

Amrit Dharohar scheme in Budget 2023 focuses on optimal use of wetlands. Conservation is vital for water security.