The Constitution of India is not just a legal document; it is the soul of the nation. Adopted on November 26, 1949, it is unique in its content and spirit. While borrowed from almost every constitution of the world, it has several distinctive features that distinguish it from the constitutions of other countries.
Constitutions are classified into written (like the American Constitution) or unwritten (like the British Constitution). The Constitution of India is the lengthiest of all the written constitutions of the world.
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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar proudly acclaimed that the Constitution of India has been framed after "ransacking all the known Constitutions of the World".
A rigid constitution is one that requires a special procedure for its amendment (e.g., USA). A flexible constitution is one that can be amended in the same manner as ordinary laws (e.g., UK). India is a synthesis of both. Article 368 provides for two types of amendments.
The Constitution establishes a federal system of government (two governments, division of powers, written constitution). However, it also contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features (strong Centre, single citizenship, appointment of governor). K.C. Wheare described it as "Quasi-Federal".
The Constitution of India has opted for the British parliamentary System of Government rather than American Presidential System of Government. It is based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative and executive organs.
The Indian Constitution is dynamic, living, and organic. It has successfully steered India through 75 years of democracy.
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